White Coat, Mood Indigo

From New England Journal

"Although rates of depression among students entering medical school is similar to that among other people, the prevalence increases disproportionaly over the course of medical school"

"Why does being a medical student increase the risk of depression? Raymond believes that students’ coping strategies and
personal health deteriorate as they progress through medical school. Students “see themselves going into a very narrow tunnel,” she said. “A lot of the depression we see halfway through the [first] year — it’s a reaction to having constricted themselves down to studying these subjects in a very intense way. It’s pretty unidimensional.”

Symptoms of depression in medical students can be difficult to distinguish from the effects of the stress inherent in student life. Students often dismiss their feelings of despondency as a normal emotional response to medical school, where they live from test to test and don't take time for themselves.

"It's hard to ask about depression in medical students, because you ask about sleep, and all medical students aren't sleeping," explained Angela Nuzzarello, a psychiatrist and dean of students at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago. "They are overwhelmed, they are working hard, and they aren't having fun socially. . . . Of course they are fatigued."

The emotional and academic challenges involved in becoming a physician wear on students. Their initial encounters with illness and death may unmask psychological vulnerabilities. Such encounters often resonate with unresolved episodes of loss or trauma in the student's past or come as a shock to those who have had little experience with death. The treatment of death as a part of the daily routine may appear cold and calculating to students, who may fear becoming emotionally detached. Some become overwhelmed by the emotional toll of caring for others.

Students may become depressed at any point in medical school, but Gartrell has found that the period of greatest distress occurs during the third and fourth years, when students rotate through the hospitals and clinics. "In the clinical years, there's just far greater commitment of time, plus as match pressure begins to emerge, it's an extremely stressful time for a lot of people," she said. Students are often separated from friends and classmates and must work with a constantly changing set of residents and attending physicians, which contributes to their sense of isolation. Gartrell said that many of the female students she sees are worried that the mounting demands of training and clinical practice will not allow them time to find a partner, marry, and have children. Haynes noted that the increase in sleep deprivation during rotations may also expose mood disorders."